You can identify this passive version of פִּעֵל by applying the following rules of thumb:
There is almost always a dot of emphasis – a דָּגֵשׁ – that appears in the second letter
of the root. Two exceptions: when the root is composed of four letters (usually a foreign root), and when the second root letter makes a guttural
sound, making such emphasis difficult for native speakers to pronounce (such as the letter ע in פֻּעַל).
In the past tense, the three letters of the root appear first in the word, but unlike the קל form, there is almost always a
דגש in the second letter of the root, as in הַכֶּסֶף
שֻׁלָּם (the money was paid).
In all three major tenses, there is an oo-ah or oh-ah vowel rhyming pattern.
Witness these patterns as you review the chart below, which lays out all the possibilities of the verb מְדֻבָּר (spoken of) in past, present and future tenses:
|
ציווי – imperative |
עתיד – future |
הווה – present |
עבר – past |
|
|
|
אֲדֻבַּר |
מְדֻבָּר, מְדֻבֶּרֶת |
דֻּבַּרְתִּי |
אני
|
|
|
נְדֻבַּר |
מְדֻבָּרִים, מְדֻבָּרוֹת |
דֻּבַּרְנוּ |
אנחנו
|
|
|
תְּדֻבַּר |
מְדֻבָּר |
דֻּבַּרְתָּ |
אתה
|
|
|
תְּדֻבְּרִי |
מְדֻבֶּרֶת |
דֻּבַּרְתְּ |
את
|
|
|
תְּדֻבְּרוּ |
מְדֻבָּרִים |
דֻּבַּרְתֶּם |
אתם
|
|
|
תְּדֻבְּרוּ |
מְדֻבָּרוֹת |
דֻּבַּרְתֶּן |
אתן
|
|
|
יְדֻבַּר |
מְדֻבָּר |
דֻּבָּר |
הוא
|
|
|
תְּדֻבַּר |
מְדֻבֶּרֶת |
דֻּבְּרָה |
היא
|
|
|
יְדֻבְּרוּ |
מְדֻבָּרִים |
דֻּבְּרוּ |
הם
|
|
|
יְדֻבְּרוּ |
מְדֻבָּרוֹת |
דֻּבְּרוּ |
הן
|
As in any spoken language, things that are difficult for native speakers to pronounce get altered. So there will be roots that don’t fit into the neat table of פועל above.
pa'al - פעל pi'el - פיעל hifil - הפעיל
hitpa'el - התפעל pu'al - פועל huf'al - הופעל
nif'al - נפעל
Hebrew verb tenses - basics
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